Kolkata's Eastern Sunrise
Kolkata (22.57°N, 88.36°E) is the easternmost major metro in India. Combined with its northern latitude similar to Mumbai, this gives Kolkata the earliest sunrise in clock time of any major Indian city — and a noticeable seasonal day-length variation. In December, sunrise is around 6:15 AM and sunset around 4:55 PM. In June, sunrise is around 4:55 AM and sunset around 6:25 PM. Day length varies from about 10.7 hours to 13.5 hours.
This eastern longitude makes a significant difference — Kolkata's Rahu Kaal slots are approximately 1 hour earlier in IST clock time than Mumbai's same-weekday slot, even though both cities use the same astronomical calculation.
Kolkata Rahu Kaal — Summer Approximation
With Kolkata summer sunrise around 4:55 AM and sunset around 6:25 PM (13.5-hour day, slots ~1 hour 41 minutes each):
<strong>Monday:</strong> approximately 6:36 AM – 8:18 AM <strong>Tuesday:</strong> approximately 3:05 PM – 4:46 PM <strong>Wednesday:</strong> approximately 11:42 AM – 1:23 PM <strong>Thursday:</strong> approximately 1:23 PM – 3:05 PM <strong>Friday:</strong> approximately 10:00 AM – 11:42 AM <strong>Saturday:</strong> approximately 8:18 AM – 10:00 AM <strong>Sunday:</strong> approximately 4:46 PM – 6:25 PM
Kolkata's very early summer sunrise means Monday Rahu Kaal often ends before most offices have opened — a useful timing detail.
Kolkata Rahu Kaal — Winter Approximation
With Kolkata winter sunrise around 6:15 AM and sunset around 4:55 PM (10.7-hour day, slots ~1 hour 20 minutes each):
<strong>Monday:</strong> approximately 7:35 AM – 8:55 AM <strong>Tuesday:</strong> approximately 2:15 PM – 3:35 PM <strong>Wednesday:</strong> approximately 11:35 AM – 12:55 PM <strong>Thursday:</strong> approximately 12:55 PM – 2:15 PM <strong>Friday:</strong> approximately 10:15 AM – 11:35 AM <strong>Saturday:</strong> approximately 8:55 AM – 10:15 AM <strong>Sunday:</strong> approximately 3:35 PM – 4:55 PM
Kolkata's winter is short — sunset before 5 PM is jarring for those used to longer winter days in other cities, and the Rahu Kaal slots compress accordingly.
Bengali Tradition and Rahu Kaal
West Bengal has a strong tradition of Panchang consultation, drawing both from Sanskrit Vedic and from the Bengali-language Visuddha Siddhanta Panjika tradition. The Rahu Kaal calculation is identical to the rest of India, but the display and emphasis vary:
<strong>Bengali Panchang.</strong> Most Bengali households consult a printed annual Panjika that gives Rahu Kaal, Yamaganda Kaal, and Gulika Kaal for each day.
<strong>Wedding muhurta.</strong> Bengali Hindu weddings (Biye) avoid Rahu Kaal meticulously, especially for the Sindur Daan and Saat Pak ceremonies.
<strong>Durga Puja and Kali Puja timing.</strong> Major Bengali festivals are scheduled to begin outside Rahu Kaal where possible, particularly the morning Pushpanjali.
<strong>Business inauguration.</strong> Many Kolkata business families consult the Panchang for shop opening, contract signing, and new venture announcements.
For the suburbs (Howrah, Salt Lake, Rajarhat, New Town), the Rahu Kaal is essentially identical to Kolkata proper — all within 0.1 degrees of longitude. Asansol and Durgapur (140 km northwest) have slightly later sunrises and warrant a localised Panchang for muhurta-precision use.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is Kolkata Rahu Kaal an hour earlier than Mumbai's?
Kolkata is 15.5 degrees east of Mumbai (88.36°E vs 72.9°E). Each degree of eastward longitude shifts solar events 4 minutes earlier — total of about 60-65 minutes earlier sunrise/sunset/Rahu Kaal.
Does Howrah have different Rahu Kaal than Kolkata?
No — Howrah is across the Hooghly river but shares Kolkata's longitude. Same Rahu Kaal applies.
Should Bengali Hindu weddings strictly avoid Rahu Kaal?
Traditionally yes, especially for the key ritual moments (Sindur Daan, Saat Pak, Subho Drishti). The overall reception and feast can occur during Rahu Kaal without issue — it is the formal ritual moments that are timed strictly.
Is Bengali Panchang different from North Indian Panchang?
The astronomical calculation is identical. Differences are in display language (Bengali vs Hindi/Sanskrit), the festival emphasis, and some regional variations in Tithi naming. The Rahu Kaal slot system is universal.